What are the three parts of the sternum?

The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, consists of three main parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

The manubrium is the broad, upper section that connects to the clavicles (collarbones) and the first pair of ribs. It serves as an important attachment point for several muscles and provides structural support.

The body, also referred to as the gladiolus, forms the long central portion of the sternum and connects to the true ribs through cartilage, offering a protective structure for the vital organs in the thorax.

Lastly, the xiphoid process is the small and slender tip at the bottom of the sternum. While it is often cartilaginous in early life, it can ossify into bone in adulthood. This part provides an attachment site for the diaphragm and abdominal muscles.

Understanding these three components helps in grasping the anatomy and functions of the sternum, which plays a crucial role in protecting the heart and lungs while also serving as an attachment point for various muscles and ribs.