What is the name of the system responsible for involuntary processes such as heart rate and digestion?

The system responsible for involuntary processes such as heart rate and digestion is known as the autonomic nervous system. This system regulates bodily functions that occur without conscious control, influencing actions like the heartbeat, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and digestion. It operates automatically to maintain homeostasis within the body, effectively managing internal organs and their activities.

In contrast, the somatic nervous system is primarily involved in voluntary movements and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, serving as the main control center for processing information and coordinating activities. The peripheral nervous system encompasses all the nerves outside the central nervous system and connects it to the rest of the body, handling both sensory and motor functions but does not specifically govern involuntary processes.

Thus, the autonomic nervous system stands out as the specific system dedicated to processes that function independently of conscious thought, making it crucial for survival and overall health.