Which system includes both the brain and spinal cord?

The central nervous system encompasses both the brain and spinal cord, forming a crucial part of the nervous system. It serves as the primary control center for processing and responding to sensory information, coordinating motor functions, and regulating various bodily activities. The brain processes information, makes decisions, and generates responses, while the spinal cord acts as a major conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body, facilitating reflexes and motor function. This system is fundamental for integrating sensory data and executing complex behaviors, enabling organisms to interact with their environment effectively.

The other systems mentioned, such as the peripheral nervous system, somatic nervous system, and autonomic nervous system, serve different roles and do not encompass both the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to limbs and organs, while the somatic system is responsible for voluntary motor control. The autonomic system regulates involuntary functions but does not include the central nervous structures.